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The growth of solid tumors is dependent on new blood vessels generated from existed ones,that is tumor angiogenesis.Much material consumption is required in the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors,to meet the own needs of oxygen and nutrients and remove the metabolic wastes from them,tumor cells will generate new vasculature through different ways.Vasculogenic mimicry is a kind of angiogenesis dominated by tumor cells,it is one style of vascular pattern that is different from traditional endothelial cells pattern.Vasculogenic mimicry plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of tumors.This article will review the relationship between vasculogenic mimicry and tumor invasion and metastasis,tumor angiogenesis,and related signaling pathways.
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Objective To explore the levels of water channel protein 4 (aquaporin-4,AQP-4) in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and its clinical significance.Methods Children with the critical HFMD (clinical stage 3) admitted to Xuzhou Children's Hospital from February 2017 to November 2017 were recruited(critical group).In the same period,another 25 cases of common HFMD (central nervous system infection excluded in cerebrospinal fluid examination,common group),the other 25 cases of severe HFMD (clinical stage 2,severe group) were taken as the controls.The levels of AQP-4 in the serum and and cerebrospinal fluid were measured in all children and the levels of AQP-4 in cerebrospinal fluid were checked again in the critical and severe cases after treatment.The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),norepinephrine (NE) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the serum were examined simultaneously and the correlation between them was analyzed.Results Before treatment,the levels of AQP-4 in the serum of critical group were (54.42 ± 19.86) μg/L,which were significantly higher than common group[(8.02 ± 1.59) μg/L] and severe group[(22.04 ± 8.14) μg/L] (F =36.684,P ＜0.01).Compared with before treatment,the levels of AQP-4 in the serum of critical and severe group were significantly lower after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,the levels of AQP-4 in the cerebrospinal fluid of critical and severe cases were respectively (9.81 ±2.27) μg/L and (8.58 ± 1.92) μg/L,which were significantly higher than common group (6.56 ± 1.79) μg/L (F =6.713,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the levels of AQP-4 in the cerebrospinal fluid of critical and severe cases were (8.41 ± 1.63) μg/L and (7.14 ± 1.69) μg/ L separately,which were significantly lower than before treatment (t =6.340,5.073,all P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IL-6,NE and NSE in serum were significantly different among the three groups (P ＜ 0.01).The above indicators were positively correlated with the levels of AQP-4 in the serum(r =0.734,0.810,0.729,all P ＜ 0.01)and were also positively correlated with AQP-4 in the cerebrospinal fluid (r =0.299,0.431,0.363,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion AQP-4 may participate in pathophysiological processes of HFMD.The levels of AQP-4 in serum can be used as an indicator for judging the severity and monitor prognosis of HFMD.
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OBJECTIVE:To probe into the effects of different doses of midazolam combined with fentanyl on anterograde amnesia in patients with branchial plexus block.METHODS:90 patients to do one side upper limb operation were randomly divided into 3 groups,i.e.groupⅠ,groupⅡ and groupⅢ.group Ⅰ was treated with midazolam 0.04 mg?kg-1 and fentanyl 1 ?g?kg-1;groupⅡ midazolam 0.06 mg?kg-1 and fentanyl 1 ?g?kg-1;groupⅢ,as control group,did not receive any treatment before puncture.The change of BP,HR and SpO2 and level of sedation and amnesia were compared among three groups.RESULTS:The levels of sedation at different time points in groupⅠ and groupⅡ were both better than in groupⅢ (P0.05).CONCLUSION:Midazolam combined with fentanyl have active effect to anterograde amnesia in patients with branchial plexus block.Consequently the quality of anaesthesia and patients' degree of satisfaction are improve.
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The relationship between teacher and student is a special interpersonal relationship,which is guarantee for successful education.Based on written questionnaires done on the 150 sophomore medical students in Chengdu Medical College and implications taken from the investigation,the paper discussed the effects of psychological contract relationship between the teacher and college medical students on the college student's English study,then put forward the corresponding measurements to improve the teacher's teaching quality.